What is a Nef ?

If one goes only after the French designation then it concerns here simply only a ship, but a Nef is also an independent ship type which is also known as Norman Nef. It is a one-masted cargo ship. It was also used as a merchant ship and troop transporter. This type probably arose in Western Europe, which probably developed from Viking ships and huge Romanesque ships, and spread quickly throughout the whole of Europe in the 12th century, as seals and drawings prove.

The first written mentions found the Nef 1147 as with a crusader fleet  conquered Lisbon, it was probably used however also already by William the conqueror 1066 with his landing in Britania, it might have concerned here probably an early type. In the 13th century it was also used in naval units with the cog as they both had similar sailing characteristics.

If one goes only after the French designation then it concerns here simply only a ship, but a Nef is also an independent ship type which is also known as Norman Nef. It is a one-masted cargo ship. It was also used as a merchant ship and troop transporter. This type probably arose in Western Europe, which probably developed from Viking ships and huge Romanesque ships, and spread quickly throughout the whole of Europe in the 12th century, as seals and drawings prove.

The first written mentions found the Nef 1147 as with a crusader fleet  conquered Lisbon, it was probably used however also already by William the conqueror 1066 with his landing in Britania, it might have concerned here probably an early type. In the 13th century it was also used in naval units with the cog as they both had similar sailing characteristics.

Model of a Nef from Winchelsea, 13th century

Although, temporally and locally conditioned, differences occurred, the Nef was after centuries-old custom a ship built on keel in clinker construction method broadly and bulbously. Compared to the Nordic cog, more rounded shapes were common.

Schematic illustration of a Nef

After the 11th century, the Nef received larger beam-like structures (forts) at the front and rear, which were planked in the course of time and incorporated into the ship's hull structure. The one-masted ship sailed with a square sail; at the end of the 13th century a bowsprit was added. Following the example of the cog, the original 1 or 2 rudders were also replaced by the stern rudder at this time. Although up to the 15th century the Nef resembled the cog very much, the names Nef remained generally common for larger complete ships. The dimensions were about 18 to 20 m length, 6 to 7 m width and 2.5 to 3 m side height.

Schematic illustration of a Nef and a Cog

In its heyday, Venice was also involved in the further development of the Nef into a large ship. The Nefs built in Venice reached the load capacity of 200t, which was considerable for the conditions at that time, with a length of up to 42 m, 13 m width and 7.5 m side height. In the 16th century the Nefs were displaced by the Galeasse.

Something else is also called Nef and means also a ship but none which has ever seen the sea. Because this is an extravagant table decoration, which was used from the 13th to the 17th century and if you look at it exactly it was not only used as decoration.

The Burghley Nef, silver-gilt , nautilus shell, 1527–28, France

It was often used to hold spices, wine, cutlery or even napkins. The first known pieces came from France and were made of silver or gold, decorated with precious stones, but also large nautilus shells could be used. The Nef then experienced a renaissance once again in the 19th century, where besides silver and gold, copper, porcelain, enamel and crystal were also used.

Nef Designed by Joseph von Storck 1880, Vienna

It was placed in front by the most important person to emphasize their status and importance. In addition, the ship is considered a symbol of a fulfilled and long life.

Schlüsselfelder Ship, Nuremberg, 1503; Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg

ltwilliammowett Seguir Model of HMS Resolution (c) John Nurminen Foundation The resolution, James Cook's flagship on his second and third voyage, was launched in Whitby in 1770 as a coal ship "Marquis of Granby". She was acquired by the Royal Navy in 1771 and renamed Drake. It was largely rebuilt at the Deptford naval shipyard before the first expedition. Before the Drake set sail, it was renamed on the recommendation of the King and the Earl of Sandwich to avoid insulting the Spaniards with a ship called Drake, as it was Francis Drake who helped destroy the Spanish Armada. So she left Plymouth in 1772 as resolution#naval art#model#HMS Resolution#1770#Captain Cook#age of sail

ltwilliammowett Seguir Addendum, the picture is back. And this time I only had to wait 15 minutes and no weeks. Apparently Tumblr noticed what a crap they did.#it is not the first time that they flagged master and commander#but tumblr it sucks#real porn can stay#and harmless stuff has to leave

ltwilliammowett Seguir Oh... according to tumblr the scene from master and commander, where they are in the doldrums, is pornography. Well who would have thought that but men who are normal and topless, who don't look like gods with six packs, are obviously evil. #oh man tumblr#really ?

ltwilliammowett Seguir The Mont-Blanc off Marseille by  Ange-Joseph Antoine Roux, 1806  Continuar a ler#naval art#french#mont blanc#age of sail

ltwilliammowett Seguir archival.sl.nsw.gov.auFirst Fleet entering Port Jackson on January 26 1788, drawn in 1888. Creator: E. Le Bihan Continuar a ler#naval art#first fleet#deportation to australia#1787#1788#age of sail

ltwilliammowett reblogou ancientorigins Mysterious Perfectly Preserved Ship Found in the Baltic SeaBeneath the frigid waters of the Baltic Sea, investigators have discovered perhaps the best-preserved ship from the Age of Discovery. It was found on the seafloor and it is almost intact.www.ancient-origins.net#age of sail#article#shipwreck

ltwilliammowett Seguir It is so hot.....#master and commander#far to hot here#mood#age of sail movies and series

ltwilliammowett Seguir The capture of the Dutch fleet at the Helder on 23 January 1795 by Léon Morel-Fatio © musée de l'Armée à Paris This is the only battle in which a fleet was captured at sea by the french cavalry 1795. It all began during the French Revolution in the late 1700s. France rejected its monarchy and adopted a republican government. This made all other European kingdoms nervous and for good reason. For fear that such republican ideas might spread beyond France, and even more for fear of literally losing their heads, they fought back. Britain, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, among others, joined forces to invade France and end the still young republic. Thus began the war of the First Coalition from 1792 to 1797.The French, of course, had no intention of giving in. So they fought back and repelled the invaders. The French General Jean-Charles Pichegru attacked the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands at the end of December 1795.  His timing was perfect as the country was deeply divided.On the one hand, there were those who supported the governors - not exactly kings, but a kind of hereditary head of state. Those who supported them were called orangists, not because they loved the fruit, but because they preferred William V of Orange-Nassau.On the other side were the patriots who accepted republican ideals and would have liked to see William ousted. They looked to France and saw Pichegru not so much as an intruder as a liberator. There was a third group known as the Regents - a commercial oligarchy made up of merchant families. Political struggles between these three groups ensured that the French met with little resistance.The capital of Amsterdam was a patriotic hotbed, so on 18 January 1795 they carried out a velvet revolution that ousted governor William. He fled to Britain and the land he left behind became the Batavian Republic.Two days after the Amsterdam Revolution, Pichegeru arrived and was greeted by the patriots. Fortunately, the French showed remarkable restraint and did not plunder the then richest city in Europe. But that did not mean that the rest of the country was under French control. The Netherlands was made up of many islands, so the French had put their work on them. The Dutch province of Zeeland was still an Orangian territory, while the nearby island of Den Helder was part of the Batavian Republic. The British Navy had their eyes on the port of Den Helder, but the weather was against them.The winter from 1794 to 1795 was particularly hard, so many waterways could freeze over. This was bad for the Dutch navy. As orangists they hoped to join William in Britain and add their fleet to his cause. Unfortunately they had left too late. Thus they got stuck in the Marsdiep (the deep water race) between Texel and Den Helder.So there they were - 15 warships with a total of 850 guns (more than Pichegru had). With about 5,000 sailors and marines, this made up the largest part of the remains of the Navy of the Dutch Republic.With them a contingent of about 20 merchant ships had got stuck in the ice.Den Helder and Texel lie on Zuiderzee Bay (South Sea). Today it is closed and forms the Wadden Sea. But then it opened up to the North Sea.The inhabitants of the port Den Helder told the French about the fleet, so Pichegeru ordered his men to check the history. The Dutch admiral Jan Willem de Winter ordered the French captain Louis Joseph Lahure to go into the area and see if there was anything true about it. Lahure arrived on the evening of 23 January 1795 with the 8th Hussar Regiment and the 15th Line Infantry Regiment of the French Revolutionary Army (about 2,000 men). According to the inhabitants, such a winter was rare, but because the bay was so flat, the ice should be strong enough to carry the weight of an entire cavalry regiment.Charles Louis Mozin (1806-1862), depicting the icebound Dutch fleet defeated and captured by French cavalry (1795) The next morning the men spread out and arranged themselves in several lines to distribute their weight. The tactics also increased their chances of survival - should one line break through the ice, the others would have a chance to escape.That was it, they slowly approached the fleet. As most of the cavalry positioned themselves in the dunes above the port, Lahure ordered some of his men to gallop on the leading ship - the Admiraal Piet Heyn, led by Hermanus Reintjes. According to legend, the hussars sneaked aboard the ship the night before and caught the entire crew sleeping. This is a complete and perfect myth. Johannes Cornelis de Jonges “History of Dutch Maritime Matters” quotes the logbooks and diary entries of both sides during this event, so the reality was much less dramatic.The orangists who made up the crew and the regents who owned the merchant ships knew they were on the losing side. Already on 21 January, Reyntjes had received instructions from the State Council of the Netherlands and West Frisia not to resist the French, unless they were aggressive. Nor should he attack them.He had no choice. Only 11 of his ships were manned, while the other four were still in repair. Nevertheless, there was Dutch pride. As the cavalry approached, Reyntjes ordered his men to go to their stations if the French were not in the mood to play them. Fortunately they were. Lahure made it clear that he did not want a bloodbath. Reyntjes agreed and the two sides stayed where they were. Five days later de Winter finally arrived and took an oath from Reyntjes and his men.On 29 January the Navy swore an oath to the Dutch Republic: (1) to obey the French, (2) not to sail their ships without French permission, and (3) to maintain discipline.The French conquest of the Netherlands was thus concluded. With the Netherlands, however, France’s desire to expand was not extinguished and so in October 1797 they tried to take over Ireland. This ended with the Battle of Camperdown in which Admiral Adam Duncan defeated the French and the Dutch, which stopped the invasion. #naval history#capture the dutch fleet#1795#texel#french invasion#age of sail#long post

ltwilliammowett Seguir The Halve Mean / Half Moon a replica of a Dutch VOC Jagdh of 1608 On 6 April 1609, on behalf of the East Indian Company, she set sail from the Netherlands under the command of the Englishman Henry Hudson to explore the northwestern passage to the Pacific Ocean. After a heavy storm voyage in ice and snow at the North Cape, the expedition finally reached the Newfoundland Bank and present-day Canada. From Cape Sable Hudson followed the East American coast southwards to the Delaware River, past Manhattan and Long Island. In the summer of 1609 Hudson sailed on the Hudson River named after him to today's Albany. Since Hudson could not discover any passage to the Pacific in this way, he returned to the Netherlands.Fonte: scheepspost.info#tall ship#halve mean#half moon#17th century#age of sail replica#dutch#VOC

ltwilliammowett Seguir Nina and Pinta racing home, February 1493 by Geoff Hunt Together with the Santa Maria, the Pinta and Nina belonged to Christopher Columbus first Atlantic crossing of 1492. The Santa Maria was lost and so only the Pinta and the Nina returned home. The two were caravels no more than 70 feet long, small, light ships, which made their return in winter 1493 with 11 knots to a wild ride.#naval art#christopher columbus#pinta#nina#1493#age of sail

ltwilliammowett Seguir collections.rmg.co.ukThe Capture of the 'Glorioso', 8 October 1747 by Charles Brooking, 1747 Continuar a ler#naval art#spanish ship glorioso#privateers#age of sail#18th Century

ltwilliammowett Seguir www.sebraprints.com.auThe Franklin Relics from the Illustrated London News, October 1854 Evidence of Franklin's missing ships first appeared in 1851 when Dr. John Rae discovered wooden remnants of the hull of the Terror that had washed up on the south-eastern shores of Victoria Island. As driftwood these pieces could have been carried by currents and waves to that location from far away. But where exactly did they float from? They didn’t know it. Rae’s next expedition, in 1854, was the first to return to Britain with substantial evidence of the fate of Franklin's party. Rae encountered several members of the Netsilingmiut, the Inuit people who live in the area between northeastern Hudson Bay on the east and the vicinity of King William Island on the west. These individuals included Innookpoozhejook, who told Rae of having found on King William Island items of material possessions and human remains probably belonging to members of the Franklin Expedition.#naval art#franklin expedition#the relics#1854#John Rae#age of sail#i work on an article about the searching expeditions#thats why this one is so short

ltwilliammowett Seguir A nice documentary about the Mary Rose #naval history#16th century#mary rose#age of sail

ltwilliammowett Seguir USS Constitution vs HMS Java (29 December 1812), Maarten Platje 2018 #naval art#just art#I think I wrote about these two before#uss constitution#hms java#1812#age of sail

ltwilliammowett Seguir Damn the Defiant! isn’t the best naval action film out there however it’s definitely an under appreciated good movie from 1962. The movie takes place in the early years of the Napoleonic Wars (by reference to the Spithead Mutinies the year 1797).  Captain Crawford (a humane character) engages in a power struggle with his rebellious, sadistic, and well-connected second in command, Mr. Scott-Padget.  Mr. Scott-Padget constantly questions Captain Crawford’s orders and eventually  subjects Crawford’s son Harvey, a midshipman, to unnecessary in order to gain control over the Crawford. Mr. Scott-Padget’s harsh treatment of the crew and general rumblings in the British fleet (that would culminate in the Spithead Mutinies) cause the crew to plan for a mutiny.  However, in the Mediterranean, after the H. M. S Defiant captures a French vessel, the captain sends his son and another officer back on the prize ship removing Mr. Scott-Padgett’s means of leverage.  In another battle with a Venetian vessel, vital information about a potential French invasion of England is captured from a French aid to Napoleon.  However, the Captain is injured in the fight and Mr. Scott Padget takes command.  The crew is goaded into mutiny!! After all a good old gem, just watch it and have fun with an old movie.#age of sail movies and series#damn the defiant#1962#recommendation

ltwilliammowett Seguir www.cavaliergalleries.comUSS Wasp vs. HMS Avon 1. September 1814, by Maarten Platje, 2018 Continuar a ler#naval art#uss wasp#hms avon#1814#age of sail

ltwilliammowett Seguir Privateer or Pirate ?In history books, in films and even on the news, the word pirate is used to descripe those who infringe copyright, illegally copy music or films, and hack into computers. However, according to the dictionary, piracy is a crime which can only take place on the high seas. Just to confuse things, other terms are bandied about instead of pirate- names like privateers, corsair, buccaneer, freebooter or swashbuckler. Technically, most of these aren’t real pirates. A privateer was a Captain who was given a letter of marque- a privateering contract- which allowed him legally to capture enemy ships in the name of a King or country, as long as his country remaind at war. Once peace was declared, the contract became invaild. In effect a privateer was a licensed pirate. The French often called privateers corsairs, altough the term later became asscociated with Mediterranean pirates rather the just privateers to confuse the issue further! However, piracy is an act of violence, property offences or deprivation of liberty committed for selfish purposes using a vessel or aircraft on the high seas or in other areas not subject to State authority. So, in contrast to the privateer, a pirate acts illegally. Another bewildering term is buccaneer. It was given to the men who fought the Spanish in the Caribbean during the late 17th century, after they had started mostly French origin 1630 to settle there and the Spaniards began to drive them out there again. Later, towards the end of the 17th century, they changed their way of life and became privateers in English services. Originally, Buccanean ship crews were larger, better suited for attacks on coastal towns and limited themselves to making the Caribbean unsafe. The word has its roots in boucan, the smoked meat prodused by the backwoodsmen of Hispaniola- now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Entually it came to refer to all the English, French and Dutch raiders who preyed on the Spanish in the New World. The French used the term filibustier or filibuster for buccaneer, a word that was later anglicized into freebooter. Another confusing term is swashbuckler, wich was a 16th century word meaning an armed brigant or outlaw. By the following century it meant swordsman and in the 20th century it was adopted by pirate novelists and then by Hollywood to refer to dashing pirates. Sometimes the line between privateer and pirate became a little blurred. Captain William Kidd was a privateer who later turned to piracy. Today Sir Francis Drake is regarded as an english hero, but while he claimed he was a law- abiding privateer, he was actually a pirate, as for most of the time he fought the Spanish, England and Spain weren’t at war with each other. For their part the Spanish never saw him as anything other than a bloodthirsty pirate. Similarly, Sir Henry Morgan was an English privateer, who attacked the Spanish in the Caribbean, regardless of whether the two countries were at war or not. He ended up being Deputy Governor of Jamaica, which proves that just crime pays, and that the difinition of pirate or privateer meant little, as long as you were successful. #naval terms#naval history#privateer#pirates#just a short definition#age of sail